THE TRAMWAYS OF CHILE

BIBLIOGRAPHY: each city

The following bibliographies of individual cities include references to the publications in the BIBLIOGRAPHY: general section, noted by their key word or abbreviation. Cities are arranged in the same north-to-south order as in the text. References are listed chronologically to match the discussion in the text. An = animal; el = electric; tw = tramway; S = Santiago; V = Valparaíso.

ARICA (1st Region)

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril de Arica a Tacna," pp. 3-11. There is a detailed map of the rail line opposite p. 4.

Long (1930). "Arica & Tacna Railway Co.," pp. 108-113.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Data for Arica and Tacna Railway in "Steam Railways" section.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de Arica a Tacna," pp. 12-14.

PISAGUA (1st Region)

Sinopsis, 1898-1917 (after 1909 identified only as one of two animal tramways in Tarapacá province).

Anuario, 1915-1917.

IQUIQUE (1st Region)

Sinopsis, 1896-1926 (identified only as tramway in Tarapacá province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1926 (as above, after 1921).

Lloyd (1915). A paragraph on p. 499 of the English-language edition briefly mentions the tramway. Oddly, the corresponding paragraph in Spanish on p. 948 of Impresiones de las Repúblicas Sud-Americanas del Oeste en el Siglo XX [see main Lloyd entry above] contains an additional sentence: "Se han agregado dos carros de tracción mecánica, uno de ellos que presta servicio en la línea de Cavancha, y el otro, construido en los talleres de la empresa, que trafica dentro de la población".

Portus A., H. Plano de Iquique, 1:4,000. Iquique, 1916. One of several street maps showing tramway system.

"Five-Seat Open Storage Battery Car for Iquique Tramways." Brill Magazine (Philadelphia), 5/1917, 153-154.

Halsey (1926). "Iquique," p. 49.

Long (1930). "Iquique Tramway Co.," p. 260.

PAPOSO (1st Region)

Espinoza, Enrique. Atlas de Chile. Paris, 1897. "Salitreras de Tarapacá" map shows maze of railroad branches in Pisagua - Iquique area.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de Iquique a La Noria," pp. 31-32; "Ferrocarriles Salitreros de Tarapacá," pp. 38-45.

TOCOPILLA (2nd Region)

Sinopsis, 1906-1909.

MARÍA ELENA (2nd Region)

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril de Tocopilla al Toco," pp. 44-53. Good description of railway before electrification.

Long (1930). "Anglo-Chilean Consolidated Nitrate Corporation Railway (Tocopilla al Toco Railway)," pp. 185-190. Notes recent electrification.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Data in both "Steam Railways" and "Electrified Steam Railways" sections.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de Tocopilla al Toco," pp. 66-70.

Chile, Instituto Geográfico Militar. "Tocopilla" topographic map, scale 1:250,000, 1950, shows FTT railway and its branches.

Clark, Earl. Directory of World Electric Lines. Cincinnati, three editions: 1964, 1967 and 1971. Nice accounts of electric operation and purchase of PCCs.

Allen, Gary G. "Los Angeles PCCs in Chile." Pacific News (Burlingame, California) #87, 1/1969. Illustrated article includes only known photos of U.S. streamliners in Chile.

"100 Años del FC de Tocopilla al Toco" in SQM (journal of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile), 2/1991.

CALAMA (2nd Region)

Bowman, Isaiah. Desert Trails of Atacama. New York, 1924. Photo of sail car, p. 79.

ANTOFAGASTA (2nd Region)

Sinopsis, 1898-1914 (reported as tramway in Antofagasta province after 1909).

Anuario Prado Martínez, 1903. S, 1903. The "Plano del Puerto de Antofagasta," dated 1901, on p. 160, is the only map the author found that shows the city's tramway system.

Halsey (1926). A chapter on public utilities in Chile, p. 244, summarizes the city's horsecar history and its attempts to build an electric tramway.

Arce R., Isaac. Narraciones Históricas de Antofagasta. Antofagasta, 1930. Four paragraphs on the street railway, p. 171.

LAS BOMBAS - CARRIZALILLO (3rd Region)

Sinopsis, 1896.

Espinoza, Enrique. Atlas de Chile. Paris, 1897. Map of "Provincia de Atacama" (= 3rd Region) shows the Bombas - Carrizalillo railway.

COPIAPÓ (3rd Region)

Sinopsis, 1890-1904.

Eduardo Poirier, Chile en 1908, S, 1909, p. 126; and Chile en 1910, Barcelona, 1910, p. 414. Photo of horsecar.

PABELLÓN - CHAÑARCILLO (3rd Region)

"Estatutos de la Compañía del Ferro-Carril de Pabellón a Chañarcillo." El Araucano (S), 15/4/1858, pp. 1-3. Long description of the tramway project.

"Copiapó Extension." The Engineer (London), 8/4/1859, p. 239. Paragraph announcing completion of the railway "twenty-seven miles in length."

"Allan Campbell." Biographies in Engineering News (New York), 22/3/1894, p. 237; Dictionary of American Biography; National Cyclopedia of American Biography; etc.

Espinoza, Enrique. Atlas de Chile. Paris, 1897. "Ferrocarril de Copiapó" map shows Chañarcillo branch in detail.

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril de Copiapó," pp. 104-125. Best history of the pioneer steam railroad. A paragraph on p. 105 describes acquisition of the Pabellón-Chañarcillo horsecar line.

"Edward Austin Flint." National Cyclopedia of American Biography (NY), v. 20 (1929), pp. 126-127. Biography of line's chief engineer.

Hernández Cornejo, Roberto. Juan Godoy o El Descubrimento de Chañarcillo. 2 vols., V, 1932. This 677-page history of Chañarcillo contains only the briefest reference to the railway, vol. I, p. 246.

Geografía Descriptiva de la Vista Panorámica en la Exposición Histórico-Cultural del Progreso de Chile, 1934-1935. S, 1934. Nice map of Atacama Province shows railway between Pabellón and Juan Godoy (Chañarcillo).

Alvarez G., Oriel. Atacama de Plata. Copiapó, 1981. "F. C. de Caldera a Copiapó," p. 79 ff. "Prolongación del ferrocarril al interior y sus ramales," pp. 85-87, discusses Chañarcillo horsecar line.

CARRIZAL BAJO - ALTO (3rd Region)

Espinoza, Enrique. Atlas de Chile. Paris, 1897. Map of "Provincia de Atacama" (= 3rd Region) shows railroads in Carrizal Bajo - Carrizal Alto district.

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril de Carrizal á Cerro Blanco," pp. 126-141.

Long (1930). "Carrizal & Cerro Blanco Railway," p. 213.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Data for Carrizal and Cerro Blanco Railway in "Steam Railways" section.

Geografía Descriptiva de la Vista Panorámica en la Exposición Histórico-Cultural del Progreso de Chile, 1934-1935. S, 1934. Map of Atacama Province shows railway lines in Carrizal area in detail.

LA SERENA (4th Region)

Sinopsis, 1890-1918 (reported as one of two animal tramways in Coquimbo province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1918.

COQUIMBO (4th Region)

Sinopsis, 1898-1909 (as "Llano de Guayacán"); 1910-1929 as unidentified animal tramway in Coquimbo province.

Anuario, 1918-1929 (as unidentified tramway in Coquimbo province 1922-1929).

Gallo R., Pedro León. Guía comercial administrativa e histórica de Coquimbo. Coquimbo, 1919. Fold-out map shows tram route.

Halsey (1926). "Coquimbo," p. 49.

Long (1930). "Ferrocarril Urbano de Coquimbo," p. 263.

SAN FELIPE (5th Region)

Sinopsis, 1890-1930 (as an tw in Aconcagua province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as an tw in Aconcagua province after 1921).

Halsey (1926). "San Felipe," p. 49.

Long (1930). "Ferrocarril Urbano de San Felipe," p. 263.

WSFR, 1933 (but not in 1936 Supplement).

Cruz A., Bernardo. San Felipe de Aconcagua. 2 vols., San Felipe, 1950. Typical city history has 800 pages but only a footnote regarding the tramway, vol. 2, p. 321.

LOS ANDES (5th Region)

Sinopsis,1890-1894 (as "Santa Rosa").

Espinoza, Enrique. Atlas de Chile. Paris, 1897. Full-page "Plano de Santa Rosa de los Andes" shows city streets and steam railroads, but omits tramway.

PANQUEHUE (5th Region)

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de la Hacienda Panquehue," p. 118.

QUILLOTA (5th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1923 (as an tw in Valparaíso province after 1909).

"Subasta de carros." El Mercurio (V), 17/5/1892. Quillota trams and rails for sale.

"Un tranvía que se detiene…" in Sucesos (V), 16/2/1906, p. 10. The only known photograph of a Quillota tram.

Anuario, 1916-1923 (including "La Cruz" 1916-20; as one of two animal tramways in Valparaíso province after 1921).

Halsey (1926). "Quillota," p. 551.

Long (1930). "Ferrocarril Urbano de Quillota," p. 263.

LIMACHE (5th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1929 (as an tw in Valparaíso province after 1909).

Anuario, 1916-1929 (as 1 of 2 an tws in Valparaíso province after 1921).

Tornero (1930). Limache tramway, p. 206.

VALPARAÍSO (5th Region)
[horsecar operation discussed in "El primer ferrocarril urbano…," 1935, below]

Anuario, 1862-1930. The 1862 edition (peculiarly, and exclusively) provides 1863 data for the new tramway.

Sinopsis, 1880-1930. 1901-1903 editions supply separate data for the Ferrocarril Urbano, Playa Ancha and Sauce companies.

"Elektrische Straßenbahn Valparaíso A.-G., Berlin." Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (Berlin), 15/10/1903, p. 876; and 25/8/1904, p. 754. Good descriptions of new tramway installation.

"The Valparaiso Tramways." Street Railway Journal (New York), 26/11/1904, p. 948. Four paragraphs on electric project.

"Tranvías Eléctricos." La Unión (V), 16 and 18/12/1904. Announcements of tramway inauguration.

"La inauguración del servicio de tranvías eléctricos." El Mercurio (V), 26/12/1904.

"Inauguración de la tracción eléctrica en Valparaíso." Sucesos (V), 30/12/1904, pp. 19-20. Illustrated feature article.

"Inauguración del camino plano a Viña del Mar." El Mercurio (V), 29/1/1906. First trams through new cut between Valparaíso and Viña del Mar.

"El Camino entre Valparaíso y Viña del Mar." Zig-Zag (S), 4/2/1906. Illustrated article about the new automobile and tramway road.

"Compañía de Tranvías Eléctricos." El Mercurio (V), 5/5/1906. Itineraries of electric tram routes, numbered 1-7.

"El servicio de tranvías eléctricos en Playa Ancha." El Mercurio (V), 1/10/1906.

"El servicio de tranvías eléctricos." El Mercurio (V), 26/10/1906. Long article about present status and future plans of German tramway company.

"Elektrische Strassenbahn Valparaiso A.-G." Handbuch der Deutschen Aktien-Gesellschaften (Berlin), 1907-1908 and 1914-1915 editions. Finances and brief history of Valparaíso tramway company.

Ugarte Yavar, Juan de D. Valparaíso 1536-1910. V, 1910. Details of German company's new tramway contract.

Sociedad Editora International. Baedeker de la República de Chile. S, 1910. Valparaíso tramway itineraries, pp. 234-5; funicular list, p. 256. Viña del Mar section, pp. 262-5, notes "Tranvías de Sangre."

De Bois, Julian. "Equipment Problems in the Sub-Tropics." Electric Traction Weekly (Chicago), 18/5/1912, pp. 578-580. First page concerns Valparaíso.

"Construcción de un Ascensor y de una Línea de Tranvías." El Mercurio (V), 25/11/1912. Peculiar tramway project on Los Placeres hill.

Lloyd (1915). "Tramway Company," pp. 388-9, describes Valparaíso operation; two tram photos, p. 328.

Baeza C., J. Agustín. Las Industrias y el Hogar. V, 1919. Itineraries of local tram routes, numbered 1-12 & 20. Tirade against poor tram service; photo of near-empty car marked "COMPLETO" (full).

"Inauguración y entrega de los nuevos tranvías eléctricos de Valparaíso al servicio público." Zig-Zag (S), 9/8/1919. New double-deck series 201-225.

"Valparaíso Tram Service: Indignant Public Destroys Numerous Cars." South Pacific Mail (V), 11/3/1920, p. 8.

"The Tramway Flare-up," editorial, and "The Tramway Riot in Valparaíso." South Pacific Mail (V), 18/3/1920, pp. 3-5.

"The Tramway Company Changes Its Name." South Pacific Mail (V), 5/8/1920, p. 3.

"Nueva línea de tranvías en Valparaíso." Zig-Zag (S), 23/4/1921. Photo of double-decker on new Santa Elena line.

"The Tramway Problem." South Pacific Mail (V), 22/12/1921, p. 12. German departure; inauguration of Las Zorras line; plans for new track and cars for Viña line.

Estadística, 1922-1923, 1937 (Viña line).

"Los nuevos tranvías entre Valparaíso y Viña del Mar." El Mercurio (V), 15/12/1923. Article about new Belgian double-deckers. Photo.

"Tramway Service to Chorrillos. The New Cars." South Pacific Mail (V), 30/12/-1923, p. 23. Similar article. Same photo.

Gálvez, Juan Ignacio. El Amigo del Viajero. S, 1924. "Servicio de Tranvías," pp. 260-263, presents detailed itineraries of routes, including new line to Las Zorras.

Halsey (1926). "Valparaíso," p. 50. Lengthy discussion about role of Whitehall Electric Investments Ltd.

Long (1930). "Compañía de Electricidad de Valparaíso: Valparaíso and Viña del Mar street railway system," pp. 250-6.

Tornero, Carlos. Baedeker de Chile. Santiago, 1930. Valparaíso section, pp. 151-172, describes tram routes and funiculars, suggests tram excursions.

Silva, Jorge Gustavo. La Nueva Era de las Municipalidades de Chile. S, 1931. Good photos of Valparaíso trams and tram lines, pp. 382-384.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Viña del Mar line listed as separate company.

"El primer ferrocarril urbano que se inauguró en Valparaíso el año 1863." La Unión (V), 14/11/1935. Detailed description of horse tramway inauguration 72 years before.

Jara, Alfonso. "Nuevo Plano de la ciudad de Valparaíso." V, 1936. Nice street map shows tram routes at maximum extent.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Valparaíso a Viña del Mar," pp. 119-121.

Aguirre Echiburu, Luis. El Libro de Valparaíso. Valparaíso, 1946. "Los Carritos Urbanos de Valparaíso," pp. 76-77.

Lira Lira, Ramón. Los Viejos Tranvías Se Van. S, 1955. This book mostly concerns Santiago [see p. 140], but also contains chapters on Valparaíso's horsecars, p. 80; its first electric tram, p. 106; last tram, p. 750; and first trolleybus, p. 754.

Clark, Earl. Directory of World Electric Lines. Cincinnati, three editions: 1964, 1967 and 1971. Notes Cerro Alegre (El Peral), Artillería and Villaseca funiculars.

Jara, Álvaro. Chile en 1860 / William L. Oliver: Un precursor de la fotografía. Valparaíso, 1973. Study of early English photographer includes views of Valparaíso double-deckers.

"Los ascensores de Valparaíso." El Mercurio (V), 8/1/1984. Nice survey of the surviving funiculars. Eight photos.

"Un momumento nacional." El Mercurio (V), 20/2/1984. Lengthy editorial about renovation of Polanco Elevator.

Figueroa Contreras, Luciano. "El indómito recuerdo de los tranvías," El Mercurio (V), 15/4/1984, p. 9. Tram nostalgia. Three photos.

Peña Muñoz, Manuel. "Centenario de los ascensores de Valparaíso." El Mercurio (V), 26/8/1984, pp. 470-4. Feature article in newspaper supplement.

Larreta Lavín, Alfredo. "Los Ascensores Que Se Han Ido." El Mercurio (V), 2/9/1984. Excellent, detailed history of city's 30 funiculars, with 13 photos of abandoned lines. This author published another feature article on the city's funiculars entitled "El futuro de los ascensores" in EM of 9/11/1986, p. 8.

"Ascensores de Valparaíso: entre el cielo y el mar." Mundo (S) #27, 27/2/1985, pp. 35-39. Magnificent photo essay about city's funiculars. Sixteen superb color pictures.

González P., Sergio. "Intrigua Bélico-Tranviaria." El Mercurio (V), 7/6/1985. Letter to the editor regarding myths and mysteries about Belgian double-deckers.

"La Historia del Ascensor Polanco." El Mercurio (V), 20/10/1985, p. 5. Impressive full-page illustrated article about reopening of Polanco Elevator.

"¡Adios a los tranvías porteños!" 'Sábado' supplement to La Estrella (V), 14/12/1985. Extraordinary, once-in-a-lifetime Saturday newspaper supplement devoted to old Valparaíso tram photos. Twenty streetcar pictures on cover and inside pages (some repeated). The author acquired many of these photographs for inclusion in this book.

Morrison, Allen. "The Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, Chile." Trolleybus Magazine (London) #147, 5-6/1986, pp. 50-55. Trolleybus history, two maps, five photos.

Soria, Bernardo. "Viejas Postales Porteñas: Una radiografía del pasado." El Mercurio (V), 28/12/1986, p. 6. Full-page article about old Valparaíso postcards, some showing trams.

Morales, Berta. "El retorno de los troles." 'Semanal" supplement to La Epoca (S), 16/8/1987. Another extraordinary newspaper supplement devoted to Valparaíso trolleybuses - as an example of what Santiago lost and must run again. Good text, 14 color photos.

"Remodelado entregan hoy ascensor Reina Victoria." El Mercurio (V), 28/9/1988. Dedication of renovated Reina Victoria funicular.

María Adriana Osorio S. "Ascensores porteños: eternos en el tiempo." El Mercurio (V), 25/8/1991, p. 30. Another in the endless succession of colorful tributes to the city's funiculars.

VIÑA DEL MAR (5th Region)

Sinopsis, 1902-6 (horsecar line).

"Viña del Mar. El tránsito de vehículos: como ocurre en Valparaíso, los carruales tomarán la derecha." El Mercurio (V), 6/5/1916. Standardization of right-hand drive. An article entitled "Villa Alemana: El tránsito público" in the 26/5/1916 edition de- scribes the problem in neighboring towns.

Estadística, 1922-1923, 1937 (Valparaíso electric line).

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. "Viña del Mar Street Railway" entry provides data for Viña-Valparaíso line.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Desvío de la Compañía de Muelles de la Población Vergara," pp. 122-3, describes industrial railway on Viña's streets.

"En Avda. Jorge Montt quedó la 'Santiaguina'." El Mercurio (V), 25/4/1989. Preservation and display of CMPV locomotive.

CARTAGENA (5th Region)

Anuario, 1915-1921 (later data lumped under Santiago province).

Tornero (1930). Tramway references, pp. 108 and 112.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936.

SAN ANTONIO (5th Region)

Sinopsis, 1880-1896 (inexplicably missing thereafter).

Anuario,1917-1921 (later data lumped under Santiago province).

Tornero (1930). Tramway to Llolleo, pp. 113 and 121.

SANTIAGO (Metropolitan Region)

Ferro-Carril del Sur. Informes Anuales, 1856-59. S, 1856-59. These annual reports are the best source of information about the pioneer 1858 tram line.

Anuario of 1862, p. 464, confirms that line opened in 1858, not 1857 [see Tornero, below].

Mostardi-Fioretti, T. "Plano Topográfico de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile." S, 1864. Early street map shows the pioneer tramway line.

Tornero, Recaredo S. Chile Ilustrado. V, 1872. A paragraph on p. 88 of this book is the best known and most quoted source of information about the 1858 tramway. Unfortunately, in apparent misinterpretation of the Informes above, the author states that the line opened in 1857.

Ansart, Ernesto. "Plano de Santiago." S, 1875. Nice street map at scale 1:6666 shows track layout of new tram routes; also shows projected tram lines.

Litografia Brandt. "Plano de la Ciudad de Santiago de Chile." S, nd [1878]. Another street map showing early tram routes.

"Walton White Evans." Railroad Gazette (NY), 3/12/1886, pp. 827 & 834-835. Long obituary. Also see Engineering News (NY), 4/12/1886, p. 363; Dictionary of American Biography; National Cyclopedia of American Biography; etc. Most of Evans' papers - diaries, correspondence, notes and other documents - are preserved in the Archives and Special Collections of Folsom Library at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York (where he was a student in the 1830s).

Fuentes, F. A. "Plano de Santiago." Street map shows large horsecar system. S, nd [1890].

Sinopsis, 1890-1909. Data for Ferrocarril Urbano, CET&L and suburban lines in Ñunoa, Providencia, etc. The 1901 edition contains lengthy text on new electric tramway installation.

Basurco, Santiago M. La Exposición de Minería y Metalurgia de 1894. S, 1895. Description of industrial fair in Quinta Normal Park: Decauville railway, pp. 14-16; electric mine locomotive, p. 110.

Hillman, Charles F. [the pseudonym "Quién Sabe" appears on the title page]. "Old Timers," British and American, in Chile. S, nd [1900]. [Published same year in Spanish as Los Antiguos Ingleses i Americanos en Chile.] Chapter XXVII, pp. 310-316, provides best history of early tramway development. Hillman was assistant engineer on construction of the 1858 line and built its first extension in 1872. He states, p. 311, that this was "the first street tramway in South America". How did he know that?

"Chilian Electric Tramway and Light Co., Ltd." Financial statements of the English company appeared annually in the Stock Exchange Year Book, Tramway and Railway World and Light Railway and Tramway Journal, all published in London.

"Inauguración de los tranvías eléctricos." El Mercurio (S), 3/9/1900, p. 3. Brief article on new electric tramway.

"Los Carros Eléctricos." El Mercurio (V), 4/9/1900, p. 4. Full-page article on new electric tramway.

"Elektrische Strassenbahn in Santiago de Chile." Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (Berlin), 13/9/1900, p. 777. Brief notice of new electric tramway.

"La inauguración del ferrocarril de cremallera." El Mercurio (S), 12/1/1902. Santa Lucía rack tramway. Two articles the next day, 13/1/1902, "Un discurso de cremallera" and "En el ferrocarril de cremallera," ridicule the mayor's speech and describe the first accident.

Chile. S, 1903. "Tranvías," pp. 182-184, provides good data.

"Sitzungsberichte der Bezirksvereine, Aachener Bezirksverein." Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure (Berlin), 23/1/1904, pp. 136-137. This obscure report at an engineers' meeting in Aachen is the most substantial description that could be found in the German language of the German tramway installation in Chile.

"Top Seat Cars for Santiago": near-identical articles showing new Brill double-deckers in Tramway and Railway World (London), 5/4/1906, p. 328, and Street Railway Journal (New York), 7/4/1906, pp. 570-571.

"Ferrocarril Eléctrico a Ñuñoa." Zig-Zag (S), 6/1/1907. Illustrated article about new tram line.

"Inauguración de un ferrocarril eléctrico." Sucesos (V), 31/10/-1907. Another illustrated article on Ñuñoa line.

"Ferrocarril Electrico a San Bernardo." Zig-Zag (S), 1/3/1908.

Eberhardt, Enrique Conrado. Álbum-Guía del Cerro Santa Lucía. S, 1910. Guidebook for Santa Lucía Hill contains four photos and numerous references to the cog railway, which had just closed.

Núñez Olaechea, Samuel. Los Ferrocarriles del Estado. S, 1910. Good history of "Ferrocarril de Santiago al sur," pp. 64-68.

Sociedad Editora Internacional. Baedeker de la República de Chile. S, 1910. Itineraries of Santiago tram lines, numbered 1-26, pp. 281-285. Description of Decauville railway in Quinta Normal Park, p. 333.

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril del Llano de Maipo," pp. 141-147; "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago á San Bernardo," pp. 147-151. Nice map, p. 142, shows both lines.

"Una Nueva Línea de Tranvías." Zig-Zag (S), 11/3/1911. Wonderful photo shows inauguration of Lo Negrete line.

"Tracción eléctrica sin rieles en Santiago." Zig-Zag (S), 21/6/1913. Trolleybus proposals.

Anuario, 1915-1929. Separate data for the CET&L and other companies.

Lloyd (1915). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago á San Bernardo," p. 260; short paragraph on urban system, p. 241.

"El Conflicto con la Tracción Eléctrica." Zig-Zag (S), 30/1/1915. Long feature article about problems with tramway company.

Marín Vicuña, Santiago. Los Ferrocarriles de Chile. S, 4th ed., 1916. Best descriptions of the San Bernardo suburban line, pp. 90-92.

"El tránsito de vehículos." El Mercurio (V), 6/5/1916. Standardization of right-hand drive.

Zig-Zag (S). Issues of 17/3/1917 and 6/12/1919 contain numerous nice photos of overcrowded trams.

Baeza C., J. Agustín. Las Industrias y el Hogar. V, 1919. Itineraries of CET&L tram routes, numbered 1-33; also steam, horsecar and Av. Pedro de Valdivia electric line.

"Compañía Chilena de Electricidad, Limitada." Financial reports of the tramway company can be found annually from 1921 in the Stock Exchange Year Book (London), Moody's Manual of Investments (New York), et al.

"La Huelga de Tranviarios." Zig-Zag (S), 23/7/1921. Three-page article, with many illustrations, about tramway strike.

"The Santiago Tram Dispute." South Pacific Mail (V), 23/3/1922, pp. 3-4.

Estadística, 1922-1923. Data for San Bernardo suburban line.

"Solving the Tramway Problem in Santiago." South Pacific Mail (V), 22/11/1923, p. 3.

Guía Noticiosa. S, 1923. Nice guidebook. Tramway itineraries, pp. 245-257, include CET&L electric lines numbered 1-33; Pedro de Valdivia and San Bernardo electric lines; horsecar and steam lines.

Guía Veritas. S, 1924. Tramway itineraries similar to above, minus Chacarilla and Ecuador horsecar lines and Resbalón steam lines, which may have closed.

"La Compañía Chilena de Electricidad and la Compañía de Tracción y Alumbrado de Santiago." South Pacific Mail (V), 28/10/1926, p. 13. Good illustrated article about the tramway company.

"Santiago, Chile, Introduces Double-Truck Prepayment Cars." Brill Magazine (Philadelphia), 5/1927, pp. 28-30. Illustrated article about new Brill trams.

Long (1930). Good survey of tramway operations, including San Bernardo line, pp. 240-245; "Llano de Maipo Railway," pp. 161-163; San Cristóbal funicular, with good photos, pp. 222- 224; "Ferrocarril Yungay a Pudahuel," pp. 224-225.

Tornero (1930). "Movilización," pp. 254-256, provides itineraries of Santiago tram routes numbered 1-36, and San Bernardo suburban line.

"Shipment of Thirty Cars Bound for Chile." Electric Railway Journal (New York), 2/1931, p. 116. Illustrated article on Brill Master Units #701-730.

Boloña, Nicanor. "Plano jeneral de la ciudad de Santiago e inmediaciones." S, [1930s]. Several editions of street map show track detail of tramways, including horsecar lines.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. "Tramways" section has separate listings for CTAS, San Bernardo and Santiago Oeste lines. "Electrified Steam Railways" section presents data for Llano de Maipo and Yungay-Pudahuel lines.

"El transporte colectivo de pasajeros en la ciudad de Santiago." Anales del Instituto de Ingenieros de Chile (S), 9-10/1935, pp. 415-459. Detailed survey, with charts and photos, of city's streetcar and bus operations.

Estadística, 1937. Data for San Bernardo, Yungay-Pudahuel, Santiago Oeste, Av. Cristóbal Colón and Funicular San Cristóbal lines

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril del Llano de Maipo," pp. 158-161; "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago a San Bernardo," pp. 165-167; "Ferrocarril Funicular San Cristóbal," pp. 168-171; Ferrocarril Santiago-Oeste," pp. 172-175; "Ferrocarril de Yungay a Barrancas y Pudahuel," pp. 176-179; "Ferrocarril Avenida Cristóbal Colón," pp. 180-181.

Díaz Ossa, F. "Tranvías: una monografía técnica" in Zig-Zag (S), 28/1/1944, pp. 21-26. Long, illustrated survey of Santiago tramway development.

Greve, Ernesto. Historia de la Ingeniería en Chile. S, 1944. Discussion of Ferrocarril del Sur, v. III, pp. 32-33 and 336-337, notes tramway and shows portrait of Hillman.

Peña Otaegui, Carlos. Santiago de siglo en siglo. S, 1944. "Carritos Urbanos," pp. 290-291, presents brief tramway history. Peña owned the photograph showing the 1858 inauguration, which he reproduced on p. 484 of his book. Photo caption, unfortunately, reports Tornero's incorrect 1857 date. Another photo, on p. 483 and (incorrectly) dated 1856, shows a double-deck tram at the railroad station.

Stewart, Watt. Henry Meiggs, Yankee Pizarro. Durham (U.S.A.), 1946. Santiago street railway, p. 38.

"Exposición del Señor Guillermo del Pedregal, sobre Adquisición de Tranvías ante el Consejo de la Corporación de Fomento." El Mercurio (S), 19/7/1946, p. 31. Scandal surrounding "los carros Harlem" from Schenectady.

República de Chile. Ministerio de Tierras y Colonización. "Acta de Entrega" dated 30/7/1946: documentation of Quinta Normal railway.

"Nuevos tranvías para la capital." El Mercurio (S), 22/9/1946, p. 7. New Schenectady trams. Two photos.

"Primeros trolebuses comenzaron a circular ayer en esta capital." El Mercurio (S), 1/11/1947. Trolleybus inauguration.

Memorandum DAK. Santiago, 1949. Guidebook describes that year's tram and trolleybus lines.

"Organización de la Sociedad Anónima Ferrocarril de Turismo Oriente." The company registration dated 24/3/1952.

Lira Lira, Ramón. Los Viejos Tranvías Se Van. S, 1955. Extraordinary 768-page collection of tram lore, mostly about Santiago (a few pages concern Valparaíso). Unfortunately, the hard tram facts presented could have been stated in 10 pages. Author digresses and loses self and reader in politics, religion, personal anecdotes and other trivia. There are brief descriptions of the "1857" horsecar inauguration, p. 34; electric tramway inauguration, p. 94; Morandé horsecar, p. 143; La Granja horsecar, p. 362; Yungay steam line, p. 139; trolleybus inauguration, p. 743; and the city's 40 electric tram routes, p. 162 ff (which could have been shown on a map); but not much else. The book contains 30 illustrations, poorly reproduced. [Valparaíso sections are noted in the Valparaíso bibliography.]

Clark, Earl. Directory of World Electric Lines. Cincinnati, three editions: 1964, 1967 and 1971. Principal source of information, for most tramway enthusiasts, about the Santiago Oeste, Quinta Normal and San Cristóbal funicular lines.

Guía de Santiago Eura. S, 1966. Itineraries of ten trolleybus routes, pp. 323-325.

Echaíz, René León. Ñuñohue. S, 1972. History of Ñuñoa describes early tram services and Pirque (Llano de Maipo) railroad, pp. 146-150.

Silva Astudillo, Jorge. "Si los tranvías vivieran…¡las cosas que contarían!" in La Tercera de La Hora (S), 17/8/1980, p. 17. Sunday supplement memories of the city's trams.

Araneda Bravo, Fidel. Crónicas de Providencia. S, 1981. "Los Tranvías," pp. 39-42, describes evolution Providencia trams.

"Los tranvías por las calles chilenas." La Tercera de la Hora (S), 11/9/1983. Nice reminiscences of city's trams.

"Vuelven los tranvías." El Mercurio (S), 16/1/1982. Trams are returning to Brazil, Europe and the U.S.A. - why not here?

Gross, Patricio. Imagen ambiental de Santiago, 1880-1930. S, 1984. Nice survey of city's past. Chapter titled "El Transporte," pp. 206-219, presents tramway history and 24 nice photos. Good bibliography and map list, pp. 220-225.

Calderón, Alfonso. Memorial del Viejo Santiago. S, 1984. Scholarly, poetic text with frequent tram references. Descriptions of San Cristóbal funicular, p. 23; Santa Lucía Hill and its railway, pp. 43-47; Decauville railway in Quinta Normal Park, p. 176.

Figueroa, Oscar. "La Ciudad y los Tranvías de Santiago: una Historia Agitada." S, 1991. A 64-page paper, part of Analyse historique du rôle des tramways dans les transports urbains d'Amérique latine, coordinated by Sr. Figueroa at the Universidad Católica de Chile. Social aspects of tramway history. [Other papers concern São Paulo, Bogotá, Mexico City.]

RESBALÓN, BARRANCAS, PUDAHUEL (Metropolitan Region)

Sinopsis, 1904-1909 ("Tranvías de Santiago al Resbalón").

Anuario, 1915 ("Ferrocarril Yungay-Barrancas-Pudahuel").

Several guidebooks of 1920s [see Santiago section] describe "Tranvías a Vapor" to Resbalón, Barrancas and Pudahuel.

Long (1930). "Ferrocarril Yungay a Pudahuel," pp. 224-225.

Silva, Jorge Gustavo. La Nueva Era de las Municipalidades de Chile. S, 1931. Photo of FYP gasoline tram, p. 523.

Compañía Chilena de Electricidad. Plano de Santiago. S, nd [1934?]. Map of company's electric installations shows Pudahuel railway route.

"El transporte colectivo de pasajeros en la ciudad de Santiago." Anales del Instituto de Ingenieros de Chile (S), 9-10/1935. Transport survey recommends liquidation of FYP, p. 446.

WSFR, 1933 & 1936. Data for Yungay-Pudahuel Railway in "Electrified Steam Railways" section.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de Yungay a Barrancas y Pudahuel," pp. 176-179. Best survey, and the only known account of electrification.

MAIPÚ (Metropolitan Region)

Anuario, 1915-1921 (later data lumped under Santiago province).

Tornero (1930), p. 266.

SAN MIGUEL (Metropolitan Region)

Lloyd (1915). Article on "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago á San Bernardo," p. 260, describes animal tramway in San Miguel.

Anuario, 1916 and 1917.

LA CISTERNA (Metropolitan Region)

Anuario, 1919-1921 (as "La Granja"; later data lumped under Santiago province).

Halsey (1926). "La Granja and Providencia," p. 53.

Lira Lira, Ramón. Los Viejos Tranvías Se Van. S, 1955. Brief references to La Granja horsecar, p. 362 ff.

SAN BERNARDO (Metropolitan Region)

"Ferrocarril Eléctrico a San Bernardo." Zig-Zag (S), 1/3/1908. Article on tramway inauguration; three photos.

Titus (1910). Chapter on "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago á San Bernardo," pp. 147-150, describes tramway and rolling stock. Map of line, p. 142.

Lloyd (1915). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago á San Bernardo," p. 708 in Spanish-language edition. A detailed description of the equipment notes manufacturers.

Marín Vicuña, Santiago. Los Ferrocarriles de Chile. 4th edition, S, 1916. Section on San Bernardo electric line, pp. 90-93, de-scribes current tram fleet.

Long (1930). "Santiago to San Bernardo Electric Railway Co.," pp. 244-245.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Santiago a San Bernardo," pp. 165-167.

SANTA INÉS (Metropolitan Region)

Sinopsis, 1902-1909.

Lloyd (1915). Long paragraph on "Santa Inés Nursery (Criadero de Arboles de Santa Inés)," p. 283, notes private railway line.

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as "Calera de Tango") (1922-1927 as one of three unidentified horsecar systems in O'Higgins province 1922-1927; later data lumped in Santiago province)

WSFR, 1933 and 1936.

Estadística, 1937.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de Santa Inés a Nos," pp. 182-183. The line is also noted in the tables on pp. 81-82 of this author's Política Ferroviaria Nacional (S, 1939).

CHACARILLA (Metropolitan Region)

Baeza C., J. Agustín. Las Industrias y el Hogar. V, 1919. "Tranvías de Sangre" section describes Chacarilla line.

Anuario, 1920 ("Carrito de la Chacarilla").

Guía Noticiosa. S, 1923. Guidebook's "Tranvías de sangre" section notes route of Chacarilla line.

PUENTE ALTO (Metropolitan Region)

Titus (1910). "Ferrocarril del Llano de Maipo," pp. 141-146. Excellent description of the route and rolling stock (before electrification). Map, p. 142, shows both FLM and San Bernardo electric line.

Long (1930). "Llano de Maipo Railway," pp. 161-163, notes recent electrification.

WSFR, 1933 & 1936. Data for Llano de Maipo Railway in "Electrified Steam Railways" section.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril del Llano de Maipo," pp. 158-159.

Asociación de Aseguradores de Chile. Puente Alto map, 1949, show FLM route and depot.

BUÍN - SANTA RITA (Metropolitan Region)

Lloyd (1915). Photo of horsecar crossing vineyards, p. 280.

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as 1 of 3 unidentified horsecar systems in O'Higgins province 1922-1927; later data lumped under Santiago province).

WSFR, 1933 and 1936 (as "Santa Rita Street Railway").

BUÍN - MAIPO (Metropolitan Region)

Sinopsis, 1909.

Anuario, 1916-1921 (as "Buín") (as unidentified system in O'Higgins province 1922-1927; later data in Santiago province).

MALLOCO - PEÑAFLOR (Metropolitan Region)

Sinopsis, 1909.

Electrical Review (London), 9/8/1912. Plans for electrification.

Anuario, 1915-21 (later data lumped under Santiago province).

Tornero (1930), p. 266.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936 (as "Peñaflor Street Railway").

MELIPILLA (Metropolitan Region)

Anuario, 1915-1921 (later data lumped under Santiago province).

WSFR, 1933 ("Melipilla to Huenchun [sic] Street Railway").

GRANEROS - LA COMPAÑÍA (6th Region)

Anuario, 1920-1921 (may be unidentified horsecar system in O'Higgins province 1922-1927).

Geografía Descriptiva de la Vista Panorámica en la Exposición Histórico-Cultural del Progreso de Chile, 1934-1935. S, 1934. Large map of O'Higgins Province shows a railroad branch between Graneros and La Compañía.

RANCAGUA (6th Region)

Sinopsis, 1909 (only mention of Rancagua animal tramway).

Anuario, 1923-1930 (the Anuario never mentions Rancagua by name, but presents data for an electric tramway in O'Higgins province 1923-1927, and similar data for an electric line in Colchagua province 1928-1930).

Long (1930). "Rancagua street railway system," pp. 247-248.

WSFR, 1933.

Unidentified Rancagua map, 1934, shows tram route.

González V., Héctor. "Recordando . . . En noviembre de 1919 inauguraron los tranvías eléctricos en Rancagua." El Rancagüino (Rancagua), 28/11/1981, p. 5.

González V., Héctor. "Cuando Rancagua tenía tranvías." El Rancagüino (Rancagua), 15/12/1985, p. 6. This article was provoked by, and notes, the author's visit.

ROSARIO - GUACARHUE (6th Region)

Anuario, 1920.

RENGO (6th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1927 (as tw in Colchagua province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1927 (as above, after 1921).

Empresa Editora de Planos de Ciudades de Chile. Plano de la Ciudad de Rengo, 1922. Street map shows tram route.

Montoya, Estanislao. "Rengo, un núcleo urbano." Revista Geográfica de Chile (S), 1960, pp. 51-68.

Muñoz Soto, Oscar. Crónica de Rengo. Rengo, 1988. Tramway references, pp. 71 and 152.

Sánchez Urzúa, Mario. "Los primeros carros urbanos de la ciudad." El Sembrador (Rengo), 10-12/1986.

PANIAHUE - SANTA CRUZ (6th Region)

Anuario, 1916-27 (listed as "Palmilla" or "Paniahue" through 1919; as horsecar system in Colchagua province after 1921, in Curicó province after 1928).

Sinopsis, 1916-1928 (as an tw in Colchagua province).

Long (1930). "Ferrocarril de Paniahue á Santa Cruz," pp. 262-3.

WSFR, 1933.
.

CURICÓ (7th Region)

Anuario, 1922-1927 (unidentified tramway in Curicó province).

Mardones F., Nolasco. Historia de Curicó. Curicó, 1943. Chapter entitled "Ferrocarril Urbano de Curicó," pp. 76-77, describes tramway project.

Echaiz, René León. Historia de Curicó. S, 1968. A paragraph on p. 268 describes a project for a horsecar line.

MOLINA (7th Region)

Anuario, 1915-1927 (listed as tw in Talca province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1927 (as above after 1909).

TALCA (7th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1933 (as el tw in Talca province after 1909). A table on p. 259 of the 1933 edition reports passengers carried by Talca trams between 1915 and 1930.

Boloña, Nicanor. Atlas Jeográfico de las Ciudades i Puertos de Chile. S, 1902. Talca street map, #50, shows horsecar line.

Anuario, 1916-1930 (as el tw in Talca province after 1921).

Halsey (1926). "Talca," p. 53.

Long (1930). "Talca street railway system," p. 249.

WSFR, 1933.

Opazo Maturana, Gustavo. Historia de Talca. Talca, 1942. Two paragraphs on tramway development, p. 358.

CONSTITUCIÓN (7th Region)

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as unidentified an tw in Maule province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1930 (as above after 1909).

Empresa Editora de Planos de Ciudades de Chile. Plano de la Ciudad de Constitución, 1922, shows tram route.

SAN JAVIER (7th Region)

Sinopsis, 1906-1927 (as an tw in Linares province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1927 (as 1 of 2 horsecar systems in Linares prov- ince after 1921).

WSFR, 1933 and 1936.

VILLA ALEGRE (7th Region)

Series of articles and stockholder reports in La Aurora (Villa Alegre), La Estrella, El Porvenir and El Loncomilla (all San Javier), 1912-1923.

"Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Villa Alegre." Zig-Zag (S), 18/9/1915. Impressive, full-page illustrated article about the tramway inauguration.

Anuario, 1915-1925 (as el tw in Linares province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1925 (as el tw in Linares province).

Estadística, 1922 and 1923.

Long (1930). "Sociedad Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Villa Alegre: Villa Alegre street railways," pp. 261-262.

WSFR, 1933.

Parra Avello, Pedro. "El Ferrocarril Electrico de Villa Alegre." La Tribuna (San Javier), 1/6/1975.

Almendras Z., Darío. "Villa Alegre: tierra de chicha y de un curioso tren eléctrico." Las Últimas Noticias (S), 16/10/1988.

González Colville, Jaime. El Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Villa Alegre. Villa Alegre, 1989. The definitive history of this interesting tramway.

PARRAL (7th Region)

Empresa Editora de Planos de Ciudades de Chile. "Plano de la Ciudad de Parral," 1922, shows tram route.

Anuario, 1915-1927 (as 1 of 2 horsecar systems in Linares province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1927 (as an tw in Linares province).

CAUQUENES (7th Region)

Anuario, 1915 (only mention in government tables).

SAN CARLOS (8th Region)

Sinopsis, 1898-1928 (as an tw in Ñuble province after 1909).

Anuario, 1917-1928 (as one of two animal tramways in Ñuble province after 1921).

Empresa Editora de Planos de Ciudades de Chile. Plano de la Ciudad de San Carlos. S, 1922.

CHILLÁN (8th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1930 (as animal and electric tws in Ñuble province after 1909).

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as two unidentified systems - animal and electric - in Ñuble province after 1921).

Ignacio Gálvez, Juan. El Amigo del Viajero en Chile. S, 1924. "Chillán" section describes both animal & electric tramways.

Halsey (1926). "Chillán," p. 53.

Long (1930). "Chillán street railway system," pp. 248-249; "Compañía Urbano [sic] de Chillán," 260-261; Chillán tram photo in Santiago section, p. 243.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Separate listings for electric and horsecar lines.

Estadística, 1937 (Quinta Agrícola line).

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril Urbano de Sangre de Chillán" pp. 189-190.

PEMUCO (8th Region)

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril de General Cruz a Pemuco," pp. 191-193.

Anuario, 1916-1917 (and as an unidentified horsecar line in Ñuble province 1922-1927?)

CONCEPCIÓN (8th Region)

Sinopsis, 1886-1930 (as electric tramway in Concepción province after 1921).

Boloña, N. Plano de Concepción. S, 1895. Nice street map shows horsecar lines.

Brill Magazine (Philadelphia): illustrated descriptions of Brill cars in issues of 10/1907, pp. 199-202; 3/1911, pp. 72-74; 9/1913, pp. 275-6; and 12/1913, pp. 375-7.

"Ferrocarril eléctrico de Concepción á Talcahuano." Zig-Zag (S), 28/6/1908. Nice illustrated article about excursion on new electric tramway.

"Inauguración de los Tranvías Eléctricos." El Sur (Concepción), 5/7/1908. Inauguration of revenue service.

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Concepción a Talcahuano," pp. 151-154. Long, detailed description of the interurban line.

Debois, Julian. "Equipment Problems in the Sub-Tropics." Electric Traction Weekly (Chicago), 18/5/1912, pp. 578-580. Second half of article concerns Concepción.

Lloyd (1915). "Cía. Eléctrica de Concepción," p. 397. Names president and directors: Wightman, Boyd, Goldfinch, Wilms, Durloo, Kenrick and Porteous.

Anuario, 1915-1930 (as electric tramway in Concepción province 1922-1930).

Marín Vicuña, Santiago. Los Ferrocarriles de Chile. 4th ed., S, 1916. "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Concepción a Talcahuano, p. 109.

Estadística, 1922-1823, 1937 (Talcahuano interurban line).

Torres G., Rigoberto E. Map of Concepción-Talcahuano area in South Pacific Mail (V) of 27/5/1926 shows entire tramway system (but not clearly).

Halsey (1926). "Concepción," p. 53.

Long (1930). "Compañía Eléctrica de Concepción: Concepción to Talcahuano Street Railways," pp. 256-260.

Tornero (1930). Lengthy description of urban and interurban lines, pp. 276-278.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). "Ferrocarril Eléctrico de Concepción a Talcahuano," pp. 203-207.

"Hasta noche a las 20 hs. corrieron los tranvías eléctricos; hoy ya no saldrán al servicio, por resolución de la empresa." El Sur (Concepción), 22/11/1941, p. 2. Long, sad article about the closure of the tramway system.

TALCAHUANO - SAN VICENTE (8th Region)

Sinopsis, 1907-1929 (as animal tramway in Concepción province after 1909); 1909 chart supplies separate data for animal and electric lines.

Oficial de la Asociación Chilena de Aseguradores Contra-Incendio. "Plano del Puerto de Talcahuano y sus Alrededores." S, 1908. Insurance company map shows both animal and electric tram routes.

Anuario, 1915-1930 (San Vicente line shown as one of two horsecar systems in Concepción province 1922-1930).

Halsey (1926). "Talcahuano," p. 53, describes horsecar line.

Moreno Espíldora, Eduardo. Libro de Oro de Talcahuano: Bicentenario, 1764-1964. Concepción, nd [1964]. Chapter entitled "Del Ferrocarril de Sangre a los Buses" pp. 183-186, describes tramway history, including 1889 plans for electric line.

CORONEL (8th Region)

Anuario, 1915-1922 (as one of two animal tramways in Concepción province in 1922; only one system, the San Vicente line in Talcahuano, reported thereafter).

Sinopsis, 1913-1922 (as an tw in Concepción province).

LOTA (8th Region)

Astorquiza, Octavio. Lota: Antecedentes históricos, con una Monografía de la Compañía Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota, en ocasión de celebrar el 90º aniversario de la explotación de sus minas, 1852-1942. V, 1942. Schuckert locomotives, p. 104.

LEBU (8th Region)

Mentioned briefly in Sinopsis, 1890-1896; resumed 1915-1924 (as unidentified electric tramway in Arauco province).

Anuario, 1915-1924 (as el tw in Arauco province 1922-1924).

COLLIPULLI (9th Region)

Anuario, 1915-1924 (as el tw in Malleco province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1924 (as el tw in Malleco province).

TRAIGUÉN (9th Region)

"Biografia de Don José Bunster: Forjador de la Frontera." Primer Centenario de Traiguén. Traiguén, 1978. Paragraph on electric line (page unnumbered).

TEMUCO (9th Region)

Anuario, 1916-1930 (as el tw in Cautín province after 1921).

Sinopsis, 1915-1930 (as el tw in Cautín province).

"De Temuco - Tranvías Eléctricos." Zig-Zag (S), 31/5/1919. Photo of electric trams. No text.

"Temuco." Municipal street map dated 1919 nicely shows "línea de carros eléctricos."

Halsey (1926). "Temuco," p. 53.

Long (1930). "Temuco street railway system," pp. 249-250. Nice photo, p. 250.

Tornero (1930). Temuco map, p. 289, shows tram line.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936.

Pino Zapata, Eduardo. Historia de Temuco. Temuco, 1969. Brief tramway history, pp. 93-5.

"Hoy como ayer: la lucha entre tranvías y autos." Temuco: Edición Centenario - 24 de Febrero de 1981. Temuco, 1981.

VALDIVIA (10th Region)

Sinopsis, 1904, 1909.

Anuario, 1922-1924 (as unrealized tramway in Valdivia province).

PUERTO MONTT (10th Region)

Anuario, 1927, noted as unidentified tramway in Llanquihue province; 1928-1930 as unidentified tramway in Chiloé province (Llanquihue province was absorbed by Chiloé province 1/2/1928).

PUNTA ARENAS (12th Region)

Titus S. (1910). "Ferrocarril de Punta Arenas á Mina Loreto," pp. 209-211. Best history; excellent map.

Long (1930). "Punta Arenas to Mina Loreto Railway," pp. 220-222.

WSFR, 1933 and 1936. Data for Punta Arenas to Mina Loreto Railway in "Industrial Railways" section.

Huidobro Díaz (1939). Nice description of "Ferrocarril de Magallanes a Mina Lorteo," pp. 218-220.

Martinic Beros, Mateo. Patagonia de Ayer y de Hoy. Punta Arenas, 1980. The chapter entitled "Los ferrocarriles en Magallanes," pp. 153-8, describes all the railways and railway projects of the 12th Region.

Martinic Beros, Mateo. Magallanes de Antaño. Punta Arenas, 1985. A chapter entitled "Cuando en Punta Arenas se pensaba instalar tranvías" summarizes the city's tramway projects.

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